Anisakiasis
Anisakiasis Definition
Anisakiasis is a condition caused by an infection from Anisakis worms of the genus parasitic nematodes. These nematodes have a life cycle that involves marine mammals and various fishes. When fishes are infected with Anisakis, it could produce an ?Anaphylactic reaction? in people sensitized to IgE (immunoglobulin) Anisakiasis usually occurs in areas where fish is consumed raw, salted or lightly pickled. The highest number of people with Anisakiasis is Japan (consuming sushi), Scandinavia (due to cod liver), South America (after eating ceviche) and Netherlands (from infected fermented herrings).
Anisakiasis Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Anisakiasis is done through gastroscopic examination, wherein the 2-cm larvae are sought after and removed. A histopathologic exam of the tissues removed, biopsy or surgery can confirm Anisakiasis.
Anisakiasis Symptoms and Signs
After a few hours of ingesting the infected larvae, people with Anisakiasis may experience nausea, vomiting and violent abdominal pain. Sometimes, the larvae can be coughed up. However, if the larvae passes the bowel, Anisakiasis sufferers may experience eosinophilic granulomatous, which may occur 1 day to 2 weeks after ingestion.
Anisakiasis Treatment
Anisakiasis is common in humans because it is easily consumed through worms of under-processed fishes and through allergic reaction to various chemicals left by the worms on the flesh of fish. However, heating (up to 60 ?C) or freezing (below 20 ?C) can effectively kill Anisakis worms.