Graft versus host disease
Graft versus host disease Causes
Graft versus host disease occurs because T-cells in the graft attack the transplant recipient's tissue after it recognizes the host tissues as foreign. The T-cells may have been intentionally introduced or contaminated into the graft. Many types of host antigens can instigate the disease, including human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Both HLA-identical unrelated donors and HLA-identical siblings have minor histocompatibility antigens, which the MHC molecules present to the recipient's T-cells. These T-cells identify these antigens as foreign bodies, thus launching an immune attack.
Graft versus host disease Definition
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a commonly occurring side effect of allogeneic bone transplant or cord blood transplant wherein functional immune cells located in the transplanted marrow identify its recipient as a foreign body and attack. The disease can occur anywhere in the body but usually affected are the eyes, skin, stomach, and intestines.
Graft versus host disease Diagnosis
Diagnosis of GVHD is quite difficult as other diseases may occur after transplantation. The best way to diagnose is to consult a doctor knowledgeable in the disease after undergoing transplantation.
Graft versus host disease Symptoms and Signs
Patients who have undergone the transplant must be on the lookout for symptoms immediately after the procedure. Early diagnosis may be difficult because symptoms may be caused by other factors. The most common symptoms include irritated or dry eyes; dryness, sensitivity and pain in the mouth; and changes in skin color or texture. Less common symptoms include irritated or dry vaginas in women, thinning hair, brittle fingernails, unexplained weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Graft versus host disease Treatment
Acute and chronic GVHD are usually treated with steroids in order to weaken the immune system. A common example of medication is prednisone combined with cyclosporine.