hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism Causes
One of the most recognized causes of hypoparathyroidism is the removal of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. This has led to the cessation of the practice. Invasion and destruction of the autoimmune system is another major cause of hypoparathyroidism. Iron accumulation as a result of hemochromatosis can cause the dysfunction of a number of organs including the parathyroid. A congenital condition known as DiGeorge syndrome leads to hypoparathyroidism due a total absence of the parathyroid glands. Magnesium deficiency and other rare diseases can also cause hypoparathyroidism.
hypoparathyroidism Definition
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by a decreased function of the parathyroid glands that leads to reduced levels of the parathyroid hormone or PTH. Hypoparathyroidism often leads to a condition known as hypocalcemia which is serious.
hypoparathyroidism Diagnosis
Hypocalcemia is diagnosed by measuring levels of calcium, PTH and serum albumin in the blood.
hypoparathyroidism Symptoms and Signs
People suffering from hypoparathyroidism experience the following symptoms: muscle cramps, tingling sensation in the fingers, toes and lips, face, feet, leg and abdominal pain, brittle nails, dry hair and skin, weak teeth, cataracts, tetany (muscle spasms) and seizures. Additional symptoms include; hand and foot spasms, menstrual pain, decrease in consciousness and absent or delayed formation of teeth.
hypoparathyroidism Treatment
Hypocalcemia, as a result of hypoparathyroidism, is treated by providing the patient with calcium gluconate (intravenously). Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 is usually part of the long term treatment of hypoparathyroidism.