Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis Causes
There is no definitive cause found for MS. It likely occurs as a result of some combination of both environmental and genetic factors and various theories try to integrate the known data into plausible explanations. Autoimmune explanations are accepted but a couple of theories suggest that the disease is an appropriate response to one or several underlying conditions. Poor results of present therapies are therefore supported by the need for alternative theories.
Multiple sclerosis Definition
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. It also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis, which onset, usually occurs in young adults and more common among women. The disease was first described in 1868 by Jean-Martin Charcot.
Multiple sclerosis Diagnosis
MS diagnosis should be based on objective evidence of two or more neurologic signs that are localized to the brain or spinal cord and are disseminated in time and space. During or following a first attack, magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium contrast can be helpful in providing evidence of lesions in other parts of the brain and spinal cord.
Multiple sclerosis Symptoms and Signs
A variety of symptoms can be caused by MS including changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty in moving. Difficulties with coordination and balance (ataxia), speech problems (dysarthria) or swallowing (dysphagia), visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic pain syndromes may also be experienced.
Multiple sclerosis Treatment
There is no specific and known treatment for multiple sclerosis though several therapies have been helpful to patients. Said therapies aim to bring back function after an attack. On the other hand, medications used in the management of MS have several adverse effects and many possible therapies are still under investigation. Some patients are also pursuing alternative treatments.
Drugs used for treatment of Multiple sclerosis
Azathioprine
Lioresal
Prednisolone
Tizanidine