Murray Valley Encephalitis
Murray Valley Encephalitis Causes
Murray Valley encephalitis is caused by a zoonotic mosquito-borne flavivirus called Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) endemic to Papua New Guinea and northern Australia. Transmission to humans is usually through bites of infected mosquitoes.
Murray Valley Encephalitis Definition
Murray Valley encephalitis is a potentially fatal disease caused by Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), which can cause serious neurological repercussions when infecting humans.
Murray Valley Encephalitis Diagnosis
A Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection is determined through a blood specimen analysis showing a significant increase in antibodies specific to the virus. MVEV can also be cultured and isolated in clinical material for laboratory testing.
Murray Valley Encephalitis Symptoms and Signs
In mild cases, Murray Valley encephalitis infections rarely produce disease symptoms, and only mild symptoms may be observed, including fever, headaches, nausea and vomiting. However, in cases where the virus infection has progressed to a full-blown disease, it can cause permanent neurological damage and even death. Other symptoms associated with Murray Valley encephalitis include: fever; headaches; vomiting; photophobia; fatigue; malaise; muscle weakness; aches and pains; unsteady gait; disorientation; seizures; sudden severe dementia; memory loss; as well as distinct personality and behavior changes, among others. Approximately 20% of documented cases have resulted in death; and an estimated 50% of survivors have suffered from permanent neurological damage.
Murray Valley Encephalitis Treatment
Currently, there is no specific treatment available to cure Murray Valley encephalitis or control the virus. Supportive care such as respiratory support may be recommended in severe cases.