Mycobacterium Avium Complex
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Causes
Mycobacterium avium complex infections are caused by a range of bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium genus, including Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominis (MAH), Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (MAA), and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). MAC bacteria are present in the environment and can infect humans when inhaled or swallowed. A MAC infection may also develop as a result of a weakened immune system, such as in the cases of HIV/AIDS infections.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Definition
Mycobacterium avium complex (or MAC) pertains to a group of genetically-related bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium which, in humans, can cause fatigue, fever, and weight loss.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Diagnosis
Laboratory analysis of cultures of blood or other bodily fluids is usually sufficient to diagnose mycobacterium avium complex diseases.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Symptoms and Signs
The three most common symptoms of a Mycobacterium avium complex (or MAC) infection are weight loss, fever, and fatigue. In some cases, infected patients may also experience anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and some tuberculosis-like symptoms. Different types of Mycobacterium avium complex infections will have varying symptoms, typically with bone marrow, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal involvement.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Treatment
Treatment for mycobacterium avium complex usually involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics, including: Ciprofloxacin, Rifabutin, Ethambutol, Clarithromycin, Rifampicin, Azithromycin, Amikacin, and Streptomycin.