Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Causes
In most cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by an erratic, single parathyroid adenoma (tumor) due to clonal mutation. Most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism is of unknown origin.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Definition
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands characterized by too much secretion of hormones which cause disruption leading to elevated blood calcium levels.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Diagnosis
Blood tests that measure serum calcium levels are helpful in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Elevated serum calcium levels indicate presence of the disorder. Parathyroid hormone activity is also at an increased level for patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are usually those present in hypercalcemic patients including kidney stones that can result to renal failure. Bone-related complications manifested by pain and usually pathological fractures are also symptoms of the disorder. Other symptoms include gastrointestinal symptoms such as indigestion, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Peptic ulcers and pancreatitis may also develop due to hypercalcemia. The central nervous system may also exhibit symptoms such as fatigue, depression, lethargy, psychosis, delirium, memory loss, and coma. Proximal muscle weakness and itching may also be present.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Treatment
Surgery aimed to remove the glands containing adenoma is usually the best treatment option. Estrogen replacement therapy is often carried out for postmenopausal women.