Rectal Cancer
Rectal Cancer Causes
Although the specific cause of rectal cancer is not known, it is believed to develop as a result of a variety of environmental and genetic factors. Smoking, aging, family history of colon or rectal cancer, high-fat diets, plus personal history of polyps or colorectal cancer are common risk factors in rectal cancer.
Rectal Cancer Definition
Rectal cancer pertains to carcinoma affecting the last 6 inches of colon or large intestine, which is the lower part of the digestive system. Colon cancer and rectal cancer are sometimes collectively called colorectal cancers.
Rectal Cancer Diagnosis
Rectal cancer can be diagnosed by screening for adenomatous polyps, or masses which can potentially become cancerous. Screening procedures done to determine rectal cancer include: stool sample analysis, stool blood test, stool DNA test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, barium enema, colonoscopy, and virtual colonoscopy.
Rectal Cancer Symptoms and Signs
Common signs and symptoms of rectal cancer include: prolonged rectal bleeding; presence of blood in stools; growth of rectal mass that obstructs normal stool passage; intense abdominal pains and cramps; a sensation that stool cannot be completely excreted following bowel movement; and unintended weight loss.
Rectal Cancer Treatment
A procedure known as colectomy, or surgical removal of the colon, is the primary mode of treatment available for treating rectal cancer. The extent of colon to be removed will depend on the severity and location of the cancer. In addition, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are also recommended, along with medications to manage symptoms.