Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Acidosis Causes
Respiratory acidosis occurs as a result of impairment in pulmonary alveoli ventilation. When the removal of carbon dioxide by the lungs is less than the production of carbon dioxide in the tissues, respiratory acidosis is the resulting condition. Respiratory acidosis may also be caused by diseases that affect the lungs, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or severe pneumonia. It can also be induced by certain triggers, such as blockage of the airway due to swelling, a foreign object, or vomit. Other possible causes of respiratory acidosis include head injuries or brain tumors which can interfere with signals sent by the brain to the lungs, neuromuscular diseases which can impair the muscles around the lungs making it more difficult to breathe, and certain conditions that cause chronic metabolic alkalosis.
Respiratory Acidosis Definition
Respiratory acidosis is the abnormal increase of acidity in the blood as a consequence of decreased ventilation of the pulmonary alveoli, which leads to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration (PaCO2). Respiratory acidosis can be either acute or chronic.
Respiratory Acidosis Diagnosis
Respiratory acidosis may be suspected based on clinical symptoms. To confirm the diagnosis, a blood sample may be obtained to analyze pH and arterial blood gases.
Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms and Signs
The most distinct sign of respiratory acidosis is difficulty in breathing. The condition also commonly presents with headaches, tremors, restlessness, drowsiness, and confusion. Upon examination, changes in blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and a swelling of eye blood vessels may be observed. In addition, respiratory acidosis may trigger a response to metabolic alkalosis, which may in turn lead to the appearance of a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin due to inadequate oxygen intake. In severe cases, respiratory acidosis can lead to coma and death.
Respiratory Acidosis Treatment
Treatment for respiratory acidosis usually focuses on treating the underlying conditions. In chronic cases, bronchodilators or steroid drugs may be required. Some patients would need supplemental oxygen supplied through a mask or small tubes inserted into the nostrils. Infections associated with respiratory acidosis are often treated with appropriate antibiotics. Additionally, some cases require the use of a mechanical ventilation device such as a respirator.