Respiratory Diphtheria
Respiratory Diphtheria Causes
Respiratory diphtheria is caused by a diphtheria bacterium, which invades the body via the mouth and nose. In some cases, it may enter view a break in the skin. The disease is transmitted from person to person via contaminated respiratory secretions or droplets in the air.
Respiratory Diphtheria Definition
Respiratory diphtheria pertains to an acute bacterial illness infecting the throat.
Respiratory Diphtheria Diagnosis
Diagnosis of respiratory diphtheria is mostly based on clinical manifestations and physical symptoms.
Respiratory Diphtheria Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms of respiratory diphtheria typically manifest between 2-4 days after exposure to the infectious bacterium. The bacterium commonly multiplies in the throat of infected individuals, leading to the formation of a membrane over the throat and tonsils. Common symptoms of respiratory diphtheria include: a sore throat; breathing difficulties; hoarser or huskier voice; increased heart rate; stridor or a shrill breathing sound heard during inspiration; nasal drainage; swelling of the palate; low-grade fever; and general malaise. Complications arise when the membrane formed by reproducing bacteria obstructs breathing, eventually causing asphyxiation and even death. Another complication of diphtheria arises when the bacteria release toxins in the blood, which can cause heart failure.
Respiratory Diphtheria Treatment
Most cases of respiratory diphtheria can be effectively treated with penicillin, before the bacterium releases its toxins into the bloodstream. In addition, an antitoxin medication can be given in combination with penicillin. In severe cases, particularly when the patient has serious breathing difficulties, a breathing tube may be inserted into the windpipe in a surgical process known as tracheostomy.