238 results found for "lesions"
Acanthotic nevus is an alternate name for seborrheic keratosis. It is a rare skin disease that consists of discolored lesions that appear to be oily. Since these lesions seem to be stuck on the epidermis, they are sometimes mistaken for cancerous growths. Acanthotic nevus develops usually on people who are above the age of 40. Among the symptoms of this disease is itching, swelling of lesions as well as irritability. Surgical treatment may be needed to remove the lesions. [read more]
Acne vulgaris or just acne is a common skin disease which is caused by changes on the pilosebaceous units (structures of the skin which consist of sebaceous gland and a hair follicle). The severe cases of acne are often inflamed but it can also show up as non-inflamed. Lesions are common and they are called spots, zits or pimples. This condition is common during the stage of puberty (affecting about 85% of teeners) while some cases carry on to adulthood. Most acne cases diminish and then disappear over time and this begins during the early twenties of an individual's life. There are no means of predicting when the disease will totally disappear because some cases continue even when the person is already in his thirties or forties. Acne is an altered form of the Greek word akun (or skin eruption). The vernacular name bakne or bacne is used often to specify acne that is found at the back of a person. [read more]
Acne excori?e is another type of acne and is more commonly known as picker's acne since it primarily occurs when the individual picks at the acne lesions. This type of acne is quite common among girls. Emotional problems such as anxiety and depression often accompanies this skin condition. [read more]
Acne keloidalis nuchae typically develops and affects the back of the head as well as the nape. This is caused by the hairs that grow into skin causing an inflammation and scarring. This condition has been found to be most common among people with curly and stiff hairs. [read more]
Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disease which affects zinc metabolism. This is characterized by periorificial (in the region of natural orifices) and in the limbs (acral dermatitis), loss of hair (also known as alopecia), and diarrhea. Having acquired zinc deficiency is somewhat similar to acrodermatitis enteropathica because it, too, can be congenital. The other known terms for acrodermatitis enteropathica are: Brandt syndrome, congenital zinc deficiency, and Danbolt-cross syndrome. [read more]
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is more popularly known as Sweet's syndrome, which is a type of skin disorder characterized by sudden appearance of painful skin lesions and fever. This condition often appear on the patient's back, face, arms or neck and red bumps may rapidly increase in size and can possibly progress to blisters. [read more]
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a unusual form of eye disease that mostly affects Caucasia people ranging from ages 20?30 years old. This medical condition is characterized by a patient's central vision either in one or both eyes is affected or vision is completely lost due to inflammation a at thed the buildup of fluid in the back of the eye. [read more]
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon form of malignant neoplasm that develops within secretory glands, most commonly the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck. Other sites of origin include the trachea, lacrimal gland, skin, breast, and vulva. This neoplasm is defined by its characteristic histologic appearance. Adenoid cystic cancer (AdCC) is a very rare type of cancer that can develop in many different body sites. It most often arises in the areas of the head and neck, in particular the salivary glands; but has also been reported in the breast, lacrimal gland of the eye, lung, brain, bartholin gland, and the trachea. It is sometimes known as adenocyst, adenocystic, malignant cylindroma, adenoidcystic, ACC, AdCC. [read more]
Adie syndrome, sometimes reffered to as Adie's Tonic Pupil or Holmes-Adies Syndrome is categorized as a neurological disorder that affects the autonomic nervous system and the pupil of the patient's eye. It causes damage to the postganglionic fibers of the eye that is usually brought about by bacterial or viral infection. [read more]
An adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal mass which is seen during the imaging for other causes that are non-adrenal related. This means that the lesion was discovered serendipitously. Adrenal incidentaloma is the most common adrenal disorder and it is found during 1-5% of CT scans for the abdomen. 5-10% of patients who are diagnosed with adrenal incidentaloma have masses that are non-functioning (this is based on postmortem examinations). This disease affects both males and females with most of the incidentalomas being hormonally inactive and benign. There are only a few numbers of cases where adrenalectomy is required (and this is done only when the lesion becomes functioning and malignant). The diagnostic assessment often evaluates the hormonal activity of the lesion and if it is malignant. Assessment of functions require plasma dihydroepiadosterone; urinary catecholamines for 24 hours and metanephrines; a low dosage of a test of dexamethasone suppression; serum ACTH; standing serum renin to aldosterone ration for hypertension and hypokalemia. The evaluation of the danger of malignancy requires MRI or CT scans; on CT lesions that are malignant are not regular, non-homogeneous and have great attenuation; for lesions that are MRI malignant, an clear concentration on T2 weighed image; it may also be useful to have CT guided cytology; there is also a need to exclude paechromocytoma before this procedure; [read more]
Anaphylactoid Purpura otherswise known as the Henoch-Schonlein purpura or HSP is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the blood vessels or the vasculitis. [read more]
Angiomatosis is a condition that refers to ?little knots? of capillaries in different organs. Angiomatosis tend to be defined, sponge-like, sharp tumors that are composed of dilated and large cavernous vascular spaces. Angiomatosis often appears in people with Sturge-Weber syndrome, Bacillary angiomatosis, Von-Hippel-Lindau disease and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. [read more]
Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a fixed form of congenital left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction that arises as a localized or a diffuse narrowing of the ascending aorta beyond the superior margin of the sinuses of Valsalva. It is responsible for less than 7% of all fixed forms of congenital LVOT obstructive lesions. SVAS may arise sporadically, as a manifestation of elastin arteriopathy, or as part of Williams syndrome (also known as Williams-Beuren syndrome), a genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. [read more]
Aphthous ulcers are more commonly known as canker sores. These are characterized by the development of small and shallow lesions on the soft tissues in your mouth, under the tongue, or insides of the cheeks or lips, as well as at the base of the gums. Often , it will usually go away naturally after a few weeks or so. [read more]
Aspiration pneumonia starts because of a foreign material entered the bronchial tree, commonly gastric or oral contents and is considered as bronchopneumonia. The swelling is augmented depending on the acidity of the aspirate, a chemical pneumonitis may develop and bacterial pathogens. [read more]
Atopic Dermatitis involves the parts of the body which is not in direct contact with the allergen and it is considered as an allergic hypersensitivity. It is a skin disorder distinguished by constant swelling and pruritis. Usually it is congenital and related with allergic rhinitis and asthma. [read more]
Baby acne pertains to a skin disease called acne vulgaris affecting newborn infants. Acne vulgaris (or acne) is characterized by inflammatory changes in the skin. Acne lesions are popularly known as pimples or zits, and are more common among adolescents. [read more]
Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a bacterial disease brought about by two kinds of bacteria under the Bartonella family: Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana. The infection is usually characterized by tumor-like lesions in the skin and other internal organs of the body, and can manifest in people affected by AIDS. [read more]
Bannayan-Zonana syndrome or other term is Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome is an unusual hamartomatous disorder through the incidence of several subcutaneous macrocephaly, lipomas and hemangiomas. In an autosomal prevailing form the disease is inherited though wild cases have been documented. Hamartomatous polyposis syndrome is the family where the disease belongs that also involves juvenile polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and Cowden syndrome. BZS lesions are slowly developing and simply resectable. Intracranial association and visceral may happen in unusual conditions and can result to bleeding and indicative automatic compression particularly of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots and may need surgical resection. [read more]
Beh?et's (pronounced ?BAY-sets') disease is a disease that causes symptoms in various parts of the body. It produces a group of symptoms that affect different body systems, including gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and the central nervous system. These symptoms include mouth or genital ulcers, skin lesions, and inflammation of the uvea which is an area around the pupil of the eye. Common symptoms include sores found in the mouth and on the genitals. More serious symptoms can include inflammation (combined with swelling, heat, redness, and pain) in the eyes and other parts of the body. [read more]
Bejel, which was previously called endemic syphilis, is a nonsexually transmitted infection caused by treponemal spirochetes closely related to Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Bejel, yaws, and pinta are diseases closely related to syphilis. They mainly occur in the tropics and subtropics. Unlike syphilis, they are transmitted through skin contact, mostly between children living in poor hygienic conditions. Like syphilis, these diseases start with skin sores and have a latent period that is followed by more a destructive disease. Bejel occurs mainly in the warm arid countries like the eastern Mediterranean region and West Africa. Yaws occurs in equatorial countries. Pinta is most common among the Indians of Mexico, Central America, and South America. Although the bacteria that causes bejel, Treponema pallidum endemicum, is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from Treponema pallidum pallidum, transmission of bejel is not venereal in nature, generally resulting from mouth-to-mouth contact, skin-to-skin contact, or sharing of domestic utensils, and the courses of the two diseases are vary somewhat. [read more]
Binswanger's Disease, also known as subcortical dementia, is a rare form of dementia characterized by cerebrovascular lesions in the deep white-matter of the brain, mood changes, and loss of memory and cognition. Patients often show signs of abnormal blood pressure, blood abnormalities, stroke, disease of the large blood vessels in the neck, and disease of the heart valves. Other prominent features of the disease include urinary incontinence, clumsiness, difficulty walking, speech difficulty, slowness of conduct, and lack of facial expression. These symptoms, which tend to start after the age of 60, are not present in all patients and may sometimes appear only as a passing phase. [read more]
Bipolar disorder is not just a single disorder, but a group of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood, clinically referred to as mania. People who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or combined episodes which present with features of both mania and depression. These episodes are normally separated by periods of normal mood, but in some patients, depression and mania may rapidly alternate with eachother, known as rapid cycling. The disorder has been subdivided into bipolar I, bipolar II and cyclothymia and is based on the type and severity of mood episodes experienced. [read more]
Birt-Hogg-Dub syndrome is a rare disorder that affects the skin and lungs and heightens the risk of certain types of tumors. The condition is characterized by multiple noncancerous (or benign) skin tumors, particularly on the face, neck, and upper chest of the person. These growths typically first appear during a person's twenties or thirties and become larger in size and more numerous over time. Affected individuals also have a higher chance of developing cysts in their lungs and an abnormal accumulation of air in the chest cavity (pneumothorax) that may lead to the collapse of a lung. Additionally, people with Birt-Hogg-Dub? syndrome have a greater risk of developing cancerous or noncancerous kidney tumors and possibly tumors in other organs and tissues. [read more]
Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the Blastomyces dermatitidis organism. Blastomycosis causes clinical symptoms that have similarites to histoplasmosis. The organism causing blastomycosis is endemic to portions of North America. [read more]
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a syndrome characterized by multiple cutaneous venous malformations in association with internal venous lesions, most commonly affecting the bowel. BRBNS is an important syndrome because of it has the potential to result in serious or fatal bleeding. [read more]
Bourneville's disease (also known as Tuberous sclerosis) is characterized by facial lesions with tuberous sclerosis, first reported as adenoma sebaceum, but now recognised as angiofibromas. It produces tuberous sclerosis occurring in association with adenoma sebaceum. It is syndrome of epilepsy, severe mental retardation associated with adenoma sebaceum (overgrowth of the sebaceous glands) of the face, hamartomatous tumours of the heart and kidney, and cerebral cortical tubers (hence the name "tuberous sclerosis"). It is heredofamilial and usually shows itself early in life. Females are more often affected by this disease than males. Incomplete forms of the syndrome can manifest. Bourneville's disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity. [read more]
Bowen's disease (BD) is a skin disease induced by sunlight, considered either as an early stage or intraepidermal form of squamous cell carcinoma. [read more]
Brain cavernous angioma, also referred to as cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), cavernous haemangioma, and cavernoma, is a vascular disorder of the central nervous system that may appear either sporadically or display autosomal dominant inheritance. [read more]
Brain Infection is a medical condition where there is an infection in the brain. It is commonly called encephalitis. [read more]
Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus is a kind of cutaneous disease that is characterized by the presence of intraepidermal blisters and lesions. The disease is pandemic in Brazil. It can be treated by drugs such as penicillamine and rifampin, and can be diagnosed by means of skin biopsy. [read more]
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (or BOOP) is the inflammation of the bronchioles and surrounding tissue in the lungs. BOOP is often the result of a pre-existing chronic inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis. BOOP can also be a side effect of certain medicinal drugs, such as amiodarone. In cases where no cause is detected, the disease is called cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. The clinical characteristics and radiological imaging resemble infectious pneumonia. However, diagnosis is suspected after there is no response to multiple antibiotics, and blood and sputum cultures are found to be negative for organisms. [read more]
Brown-S?quard syndrome, also known as Brown-S?quard's hemiplegia and Brown-S?quard's paralysis, is a loss of motricity (paralysis and ataxia) and sensation as a result of the lateral hemisection of the spinal cord. Other names for the syndrome are crossed hemiplegia, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis and spinal hemiparaplegia. It is an incomplete spinal cord lesion characterized by a clinical picture reflecting hemisection of the spinal cord, often in the cervical cord region. It was initially described in the 1840s after Dr. Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard sectioned one half of the spinal cord. It is a rare syndrome, made up of ipsilateral hemiplegia with contralateral pain and temperature sensation deficits because of the crossing of the fibers of the spinothalamic tract. [read more]
A well defined, flat area that is darker in color than the rest of the skin (hyperpigmented) is called a caf? au lait macule (CALM). This refers to the characteristic even (homogeneous) color of ?coffee with milk,? which may be light to dark brown. Although they may be present at birth, caf? au lait macules usually appear first in early childhood and can be indicators of more extensive (multisystem) disease like neurofibromatosis. [read more]
A term used to describe a group of disorders in which calcium deposits from in the skin, Calcinosis cutis or cutaneous calcification may result from a variety of factors. Occurring in soft tissues as a response to injury, dystrophic calcification is the most common source of this disease. Classified into 4 major types namely dystrophic, metastatic, iatrogenic and idiopathic, there are also rare types of Calcinosis cutis that have been variably classified as dystrophic or idiopathic. Such include calcinosis cutis circumscripta, calcinosis cutis universalis, tumoral calcinosis, and transplant-associated calcinosis cutis. [read more]
Calciphylaxis is a highly morbid syndrome of vascular calcification and skin necrosis that is poorly understood. Mostly seen exclusively in patients with end stage renal disease, Caciphylaxis results in chronic non-healing wounds and requires parathyroidectomy and hyperbaric therapy. Considered as a rare but serious disease, calciphylaxis is a type of extraskeletal calcification that is similar to those observed among patients with hypercalcaemic states such as those with milk alkali syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis and hypervitamino sis D. [read more]
Canker Sores are small, superficial and painful lesions, which usually develop on the soft tissues of the mouth (under the tongue, inside cheeks or lips, and at the base of the gums). Canker sores are presented as either round or oval with a white border and white or yellow center. [read more]
Characterized by leakage of red blood cells from small, superficial blood vessels that result in pinpoint-like hemorrhages (petechiae) is called capillaritis. Usually a life-long condition, flaring intermittently, it is frequently found in patients with long periods of extended standing related to their occupations. [read more]
Carcinoid syndrome points to the collection of symptoms that happen next to carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid tumors happen together along with gastrointestinal tract (GI) that are distinct, colored yellow and well-circumscribed tumors. The tumors usually affect the ileum, appendix and rectum and it is usually distinctive and endocrine in nature. The tumors produce hormones into the blood stream that go through to the end organs and operates then by proper receptors. Though it fairly unusual, out of 15 cases per 1,000,000 population carcinoid tumors report for 75% of GI endocrine tumors. [read more]
Cavernous hemangioma is a harmless propagation of the blood vessels, wherein there is a formation of a tumor-like mass of blood vessels in the internal organs or the skin. This vascular tumor is composed of huge quantity of blood. The usual ?superficial? lesions have dark to bright red color; lesions that are deep are blue in color. This condition extends more intensely than capillary hemangioma, so spontaneous regression is less likely. [read more]
Cenani Lenz syndactylism is a hereditary malformation syndrome that involves both the lower and upper extremity. It's an uncommon birth defect that's characterized by a variety of bone abnormalities. The syndrome was named after two medical geneticists; Turkish geneticist Asim Cenani, and German geneticist Widukind Lenz. [read more]
Cerebral cavernous malformation, sometimes known as cavernous angioma, is a disease that affects the central nervous system. The disease may occur sporadically or may be inherited. When one has the disease, there are groups of abnormal blood vessels located in the brain and spinal cord, although in rare cases they are also located in other parts of the body. A cerebral cavernous malformation resembles a raspberry, although it varies in size. The small bubbles are filled with blood, and a special layer of cells called endothelium lines the bubbles. [read more]
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare metabolic disease that affects the body's lipid storage system. [read more]
A chalazion is a cyst that grows in the eyelid caused by the inflammation of the meibomian gland. These cysts vary in styes and are usually painless until they start to swell. They eventually heal and disappear on their own after a few days or weeks, but oftentimes it needs treatment in order to heal faster. [read more]
Lips that appear scaly, dry and may have one or more small cracks (fissures) are called chapped lips (cheilitis). They are often painful and there may or may not be swelling and redness. [read more]
A small non-cancerous, red-purple bump on the skin that is typically seen in older adults is called a cherry hemangioma, which is formed from an overgrowth of small veins. [read more]
Chickenpox is a classic infectious disease common among children. It is a rarely fatal illness that is characterized by red spots on the different parts of the body and become itchy over time. Persons that acquire chickenpox as well obtain lifelong immunity from the disease once it heals after a few weeks. [read more]
Chikungunya is a rare viral fever spread by mosquitoes that contain an alphavirus. Its name comes from a Makonde word that literally means 'that which bends up', as the arthritic symptoms of the disease result to a stooped posture on the patient. It was first discovered in 1955 after 1952 outbreak along the Makonde Plateau, which is located in between Tanganyika and Mozambique. [read more]
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by bacteria. A common STD, Chlamydia can cause serious complications which may lead to damages in the female reproductive organs. It can also bring forth permanent problems such as infertility in both males and females. This disease is regarded to be a ?silent killer? because around 75% of infected people notice no symptoms. If the signs do surface, these are usually noticed a few weeks after the disease is acquired. [read more]
Choriorentinitis is an inflammatory illness involving the eye's retinal vessels. It is caused by bacterial, viral, or protozoan infections. When not treated, choriorentinitis may completely damage the retina and cause poor visions for the person with the said disease. [read more]
Chromomycosis, also known as chromoblastomycosis, is a fungal infection common in places of tropical climate. It can be caused by different types of fungi that thrive under the skin and spreads slowly and becomes difficult to treat. [read more]
Chronic necrotizing vasculitis is the destruction and inflammation of ?blood vessel walls?, leading to termination of the related tissue. [read more]
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is an ailment wherein the bones of a child become painful and inflamed. The condition ?comes and goes', meaning there can be times when one doesn't have symptoms but experience occasional flare-ups. [read more]
Cold sores in children are blisters that appear on the corners of the mouth that result to painful lesions and irritating discomfort. These blisters are caused by the herpes virus. [read more]
Condyloma is more popularly known as genetal wart, categorized as a sexually transmitted disease that has external manifestations most particularly in the genitalia and anal area. Internal warts grow on the cervix and the upper vagina as well as in the male urethra. The lesions usually appear raised and pinkish in color but do not usually produce any other symptom. [read more]
Condyloma acuminatum is more popularly known as genital warts and is largely categorized as a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus. The estimated incubation period of this disease is approximately three months and is known to be highly contagious. The warts usually grow on the perianal and vulva areas, the cervix and vagina walls as well as the penis shaft for males. Lesions appear to be wart like and can be easily recognizable upon application of acetic acid or vinegar during examination. [read more]
Congenital antithrombin III deficiency is defined as the lack of the potent inhibitor for the coagulation cascade. This is categorized as a non-vitamin K-dependent protease that is known to exhibit the coagulation through lysing factor and thrombin. This type of deficiency is categorized as an autosomal dominant disorder that an infant can inherit through a copy of a defective gene. For severe congenital antithrombin III deficiency, the neonate has inherited 2 types of defective genes and is often easily noted during infancy stage. [read more]
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) is categorized as a highly distinct entity, which was discovered way back in 1949. CAM is characterized as a developmental hamartomatous, an abnormality of the lung that comes with an adenomatoid abundance of cysts that resemble bronchioles. [read more]
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the highly identified common infection carriers among humans of all ages. This type of virus usually occurs globally and produces a large variety of illnesses such as infections of the CNS, mucocutaneous infections, as well and sporadically infections affecting the visceral organs. [read more]
Cowpox or catpox is now an uncommon skin disease caused by a virus called cowpox that is transmitted by touching infected animals. In the 18th century, the disease was contracted when a person touches the udders of cow that are infected. Today, however, this disease that causes hands to develop postular lesions and the skin to have red blisters is usually transmitted by touching cats, hence it is also called cat pox. Interestingly, the cowpox virus proved to be useful in the past two centuries when it became the first vaccine for the smallpox. [read more]
The rare medical condition called Crow-Fukase syndrome is also called POEMS syndrome after the clinical features that distinguish it from other diseases ? Polyneuropathy (peripheral nerve damage), Organomegaly (abnormal enlargement of organs), Endocrinopathy (damage to hormone-producing glands)/Edema, M-protein (an abnormal antibody) and Skin abnormalities (including hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis). [read more]
Cryptococcosis is an infection arising from the inhalation of the soil contaminated with fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. It is characterized by pulmonary infection, meningitis, viscera, pneumonia as well other organ disorders. Disorders such as AIDS and Hodgkin's disease increase the risk of acquiring cryptococcosis. In fact, it used to be a rare infection before the start of AIDS epidemic. [read more]
A cutaneous horn, is also medically known as cornu cutaneum, which primarily refers to a partcular appearance of skin lesions that is manifested by a cone-shaped protuberance that arises on the skin. This is usually caused by an overgrowth of the superficial layer of skin or the epidermis. Although it may appear as a lesion, a cutaneous horn is actually the reaction to the pattern of the skin and may overlie skin cancer. [read more]
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is categorized as a type of lupus that primarily involves the patient's skin but may also be a precursor to another systemic form of the disease. There are three different types of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: chronic lupus erythematosus, subacute lupus erythematosus and e types of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dark skinned women individuals are more prone to Cutaneous lupus erythematosus especially between ages 20-60. [read more]
Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita or CMTC is quite rare and uncommonly reported. This is categorized as congenital and sporadic cutaneous disorder that comes with the persistent telangiectasia, cutis marmorata and phlebectasia. This comes with ulcerations of the skin as well as cutaneous atrophy. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenital is also usually associated with several other congenital anomalies. [read more]
Darier's disease is defined as a genetic disease or inherited dermatitis characterized by ?dark crusty patches' on skin, which sometimes contain pus. These patches are known as keratosis follicularis or keratotic papules. Although complications are uncommon, the disease can cause bacterial sepsis, as well as Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. [read more]
Decubitus ulcer is the medical term used to describe bed sores. It can be treated by constant cleaning of the wounds. [read more]
Degos disease is an uncommon systematic disease that involves the medium and small sized arteries, wherein these arteries become blocked. The disease typically progresses into two stages. The first stage is characterized by the appearance of distinguishing skin lesions that may stay for some time, ranging from a few weeks to several years. Lesions inside the small intestines often mark the second stage, and other organs can also be affected. [read more]
Nummular dermatitis is categorized as a particular form of eczema, or what is known as a type of atopic dermatitis, which is characterized by seemingly coin-shaped and raised bumps on the surface of the skin. These growths are often scaly. [read more]
Perioral dermatitis is characterized as a type of facial rash that usually tends to occur just around the mouth region. Most skin condition manifests as red and often slightly bumpy or scaly in texture. It can gradually spread up around the nose area, and even move up to the eyes. [read more]
Dermatofibroma is a lesion or a dermal tumor, mostly benign, laid ot by fibroblasts. It is characterized by hard papules in different colors ranging from brown to tan. In some cases, Dermatofibroma can become itchy and tender. It is also believed to be a reaction of the skin to previous injuries. Some are rare malignant fibrohistocytic tumors whuch are usually deep penetrating. [read more]
Dermatophytids are skin lesions and erruptions that is occurs as an allergic reaction to the ringworm infections. These lesions, however are free of fungal forms and are generally vesicular, and papular in some cases. Dermatophytes often occur in the feet and hands. It also resembles erythema nodosum [read more]
Dermatophytosis is a skin disorder caused by a parasitic fungus called Dermatphyte. Dermatophyte feeds on keratin that usually found in the ectoderm or the outer layer of the skin, nails and hair. [read more]
A dysplastic nevus syndrome is characterized as an atypical mole that usually stands out from the ordinary moles, with some indistinct borders and larger than any common mole. The color of these moles also varies from dark brown to pink, and are usually flat. Dysplastic nevus grows in any surface of the skin but has been found to more common on men's trunk and women's calves. [read more]
Dysrhythmias are also known as tuberous sclerosis, which is categorized as a very rare form of genetic disease that causes growth of benign tumors in several parts of the body. The most common areas of growth include the brain, skin and kidneys. [read more]
Encephalomyelitis is a general term for inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, describing a number of disorders like acute disseminated encephalomyelitis , encephalomyelitis disseminata, a synonym for multiple sclerosis; equine encephalomyelitis and myalgic encephalomyelitis [read more]
Endocarditis occurs when bacteria settles in the heart. Because the valves of the heart don't have any blood supply of their own, mechanisms for defense such as the white blood cells cannot enter into the heart. In such case, if an organism like bacteria hold on the valves, which normally the body will not be able to get rid of. [read more]
Endomyocardial fibrosis otherwise known as EMF is a kind of disease, progressive, which is due to unknown origin or idiopathic that is known to affect the heart seriously. The most obvious feature of this disease is a great change in the lining of the heart cavities known as the endocardium in one or can be both of the chambers of the heart in the lower part. It may also involve the heart valves found between the four chambers of the heart including the tendon-like cords holding the valves to the ventricles. Endomyocardial fibrosis is also similar to Loeffler's disease. Some regard Loeffler's disease as an early stage of the EMF, however, this idea remains to be controversial. This is one form of the Hypereosinophilic syndrome [read more]
Entropion is the term used to describe the inward folding of the eyelids. This is a discomforting condition since the eyelids will be rubbing against the cornea. This may lead to eye infections such as trachoma. [read more]
Eosinophilic granuloma is a rare disease often involving proliferation of clones of the langerhans cells, ana some abnormal cells from the bone marrow which are and capable of migrating from the skin to the lymph nodes. In a clinical test, its presentations may range from an isolated bone lesions to a disease involving many parts of the body systems. [read more]
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis is also termed as Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia or Lutz-Lewandowsky epidermodysplasia verruciformis. This is a very rare skin disease which is characterized by growth of scaly macules and rashes or papules, especially on the patient's feet and hands. Epidermodysplasia usually begins in childhood stage without any known cure. In some cases though, high doses of vitamin A may help ameliorate the condition. [read more]
Epidermoid carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma is a form of carcinoma type cancer which may occur in different numerous organs which includes the urinary bladder, skin, mouth, lips, esophagus, prostate, lungs, vagina, and also the cervix. It is often a malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium or the epithelium that presents squamous cell differentiation. [read more]
Erb-Duchenne Palsy is also referred to as Brachial plexus paralysis or simply Erb's Palsy. This is a condition which is mainly caused by birth trauma. It can affect one or can be all of the primary nerves supplying the feeling and movement of the arm. The Erb's palsy can be cured even without intervention or it may sometimes require correction by a surgical intervention. [read more]
Erythema, or Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL), is the medical name of the dreaded skin disease, leprosy. It is characterized by a rapid development of sores in the different parts of the skin. When not treated, it can lead to blindness, tuberculosis, and irreversible disfigurement of one's physical appearance. [read more]
A common skin condition affecting the skin folds and is called erythrasma. An infection by the bacterium Corynebacterium minutissimum is a result of the slowly enlarging patches of pink to brown dry skin. People affected by this condition are mostly overweight or have diabetes which are common in warm climates. [read more]
Esophageal diverticulum is the development of sacs in the esophageal area. The sacs are believe to have developed because of problematic swallowing motion of the tongue, making way for particles to develop in the esophageal lining. [read more]
Fasciculations are muscle twitches that occur within the involuntary muscles underneath the skin. They occur due to a sudden discharge of skeletal muscle fibers. Most fasciculations are benign. [read more]
Fever blisters or cold sores are the small and usually painful bumps or lesions on the skin of the lips, mouth, gum, or the lip area. These blisters occur when a person has Herpes labialis, an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. [read more]
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare as well as severely disabling type of autosomal dominant disease that is largely characterized by a series of recurrent painful episodes that involves soft tissue swelling along with the growth of tumors in muscle tissue and subcutis. These lesions would often lead to heterotopic ossification, which is true bone tissue development in the ligaments, axial musculature the fascia, the tendons, the aponeurosis, and the joint capsules [read more]
The term fibromatosis specifically refers to the certain group of benign soft tissue tumors that presents particular characteristics that includes the absence of clinical malignant and cytologic features. The histology of fibromatosis is consistent with the proliferation of some well-differentiated fibroblasts, with filtrative growth patterns and rather aggressive clinical behavior. The mass usually be characterized by dense fibrocellular tissues that contain some mature fibrocytes and collagen that may be in various stages of maturation. These mass have atypical features and may have abnormal mitotic activity. [read more]
Fibrosarcoma is characterized as a tumor of the mesenchymal cell origin that is primarily composed of several malignant fibroblasts in collagen background. It typically occurs as a soft-tissue mass or a bone tumor. There are generally two main types of fibroscarcoma: primary and seconday. The former involves a fibroplastic malignancy producing varying amounts of collagen. Secondary fibrosarcoma results from a preexisting lesion. [read more]
Fish tank granuloma is an infectious skin disease caused by the Mycobacterium marinum. In this disease, lesions grow on the skin and result to infections as well as tearing of the skin. The bacteria are commonly found in waters, particularly in swimming pools, and people exposed to salt or fresh water are more susceptible to the disease. Fish tank granuloma can be treated with antibiotics such as doxycyclin, and rifampin. [read more]
Flynn-Aird syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder that is characterized by gradual neurological degeneration that is associated with symptoms such as ataxia, dementia, eye problems, muscle wasting and skin disorders. [read more]
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome is a partial paralysis on the face, the pharynx and the jaw. Affected areas are still capable of certain movements like eating, smiling, and facial movements. Upper and lower limbs are usually unaffected. This syndrome is caused by blood supply loss or interruption in a specific part of the brain. This condition is also called bilateral anterior opercular syndrome. It was discovered in the year 1926 by Charles Foix, Jean Alfred ?mile Chavany and Julien Marie. [read more]
Foot ulcers are lesions that can lead to serious neuropathy when left untreated. This is commonly experienced by patients with diabetes. [read more]
Normal large, superficial sebaceous (oil-producing) glands seen on the moist tissue that lines some organs and body cavities (mucosal surfaces) are called Fordyce spots. Most commonly found at the border of the lips, the inner foreskin and on the head of the penis, the spots are asymptomatic. The lesions are also asymptomatic, but irritation or itching may happen if people treat the bumps inappropriately. [read more]
Primary gastric lymphoma is a rare condition whereby a lymphoma originates from the stomach. This condition accounts for less than 15% of gastric conditions, and only 2% of all lymphomas. However, because of the fact that the stomach is an extremely usual site for lymphomas that originate in other organs that are in metastasis to the stomach, the stomach is one of the most likely sources of the growth of lymphomas in other areas in the gastrointestinal tract. With metastasis, the organ from where the lymphoma originates is not adjacent to the stomach, but nonetheless the disease is spread by travel in the bloodstream (lymphoma is a cancer originating from a type of white blood cells or lymphocytes). [read more]
Gaucher disease is the disease of the lysosome, resulting from the deficiency of the glucocerebrosidase disease resulting in accumulation of its fatty substrate, glucocerebroside. This causes fat to accumulate in the brain, bone marrow, liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen. People with Gaucher disease are prone to infection. Named after Philippe Gaucher, a French physician who originally described the disease in 1882, the disease is now known to be an autosomal recessive inheritance. Type I is most common (1 in 50,000 births), usually occurring among Ashkenazi Jewish people. Type II manifests beginning 6 months after birth, occurring in 1 in 100,000 live births. Type IIIbegins at any time in life, and occurs in 1 in 100,000 live births. [read more]
Gaucher disease was first described in 1882 by Philippe Gaucher. Today, this is the most common lysosomal storage diseases, resulting in deficiency in glucocerebrosidase. As a result, fatty material settles in the liver, lung, spleen, brain, bone marrow, and kidneys. Type I which occurs in 1 out of 50,000 live births is most common among Ashkenazi Jews and usually manifest early in life or in adulthood. Type II Gaucher disease occurs in 1 out of 100,000 live births manifests after 6 months of age. Type III manifests in 1 out of 100,000 people as well, and occurs at any point in a person's life. [read more]
First described in 1882 by French physician Philippe Gaucher, Gaucher disease is one of today's most common lysosomal storage diseases. As a result of the lack of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, fatty materials accumulate in the brain, bone marrow, liver, lung, spleen and the kidneys. This disease is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance, and as such, is equally likely to affect both male and female individuals. [read more]
Granuloma annulare is a chronic skin condition consisting of raised, reddish or skin-colored bumps (lesions) that form ring patterns, typically on the hands and feet. [read more]
Granuloma inguinale, also known as donovanosis, a bacterial illness characterized by genital ulcers that can be mistaken for syphilis. They can grow to endemic proportions and eat up genital tissues causing blood and mucus leakage. [read more]
A condition which is characterized as a common, benign growth that often appears as a rapidly growing, bleeding bump on the skin or inside the mouth, composing of blood vessels and may occur at the site of minor injury is called pyogenic granuloma. It is sometimes called a ?pregnancy tumor? (granuloma gravidarum) when it occurs in a pregnant woman. They develop in up to 5% of pregnant women. [read more]
Hailey-hailey disease is a skin anomaly in which clusters of small vesicles that cause ruptures in the skin. These lesions cause pigmentation once they dry up and get eroded. They usually develop in the neck, groin and genital areas and spread towards the different skin-covered areas. It is an autosomal dominant disorder. [read more]
Hairy leukoplakia is a distinct white, irregular-shaped plaque found on the side of the tongue. This lesion is common among patients with HIV. The lesions usually contain fungi, bacteria or viruses, but are not considered contagious. Hairy leukoplakia can be treated by controlling the spread of HIV. [read more]
Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common disease characterized by mouth sores, fever, and rashes. Enteroviruses from the family Picornaviridae causes the disease. It is common in infants and children, and is moderately contagious. Contact with feces or mucus of an infected person can trigger contagion. [read more]
Hanhart syndrome otherwise known as the Richner Syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency in enzyme tyrosine amono transferase (E. Hanhart: ?ber die Kombination von Peromelia mit Mikrognathia, ein neues Syndrom beim Menschen, entsprechend der Akroteriasis congenita von Wriedt und Mohr beim Rinde. Archiv der Julius Klaus-Stiftung f?r Vererbungsforschung, Sozialanthropologie und Rassenhygiene, Z?rich, 1950, 25: 531-544). [read more]
Hansen's disease, more commonly known as leprosy, is a chronic contagious disease that causes severe disfigurement on the skin, face, hand and feet. It was once a dreaded epidemic. [read more]
Hemangio thrombocytopenia syndrome or HTS is a rare disease affecting infants characterized by a vascular tumor which causes low platelet count as well as bleeding problems. The condition is also known as Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome. [read more]
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP or anaphylactoid purpura) is a kind of blood vessel inflammation or vasculitis. [read more]
Infection of the genitals is commonly known as herpes and predominantly occurs following sexual transmission of the type 2 strain of the virus (HSV-2). Oral herpes, colloquially called cold sores, is commonly caused by the type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). [read more]
Herpes gestationis is a medical condition used to describe polymorphic vesicobullous eruption during pregnancy. [read more]
Leading to the development of small and usually painful blisters on the skin of the mouth, lips, gums or lip area, herpes labialis is an infection caused by the herpes simples. The blisters are commonly called fever blisters or cold sores. [read more]
Herpetic whitlow is a painful viral infection occurring on the fingers or around the fingernails which is cause by infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is also called digital herpes simplex, hand herpes or finger herpes. These infections are very contagious and are easily spread by direct contact with skin lesions and usually appears as sores or small blisters around the nose, mouth, buttocks, and genitals, though the infections can develop almost anywhere on the skin. [read more]
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the presence of blackheads and one or more red, tender bumps (lesions). The lesions usually enlarge, break open and drain pus. Scarring may occur after several occurrences. [read more]
The hookworm is a parasitic nematode worm that lives in the small intestine of its host, which may be a mammal such as a dog, cat, or human. There are two species of hookworms commonly infect humans, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. [read more]
HPV infection is a condition contracted from one of a group of more than 100 related human papillomaviruses (or HPVs). [read more]
HPV infection is a condition contracted from one of a group of more than 100 related human papillomaviruses (or HPVs). [read more]
Human Parvovirus B19, a species of parvovirus that infects humans, is linked with the development of several different autoimmune diseases including dematomyositis, mixed connective tissue diseases, a lupus-like illness, a serologically negative (negative RA factor test) form of arthritis, granuloma annulare, autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune schizophrenia, and various forms of vasculitis, including Henoch Schonlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, and polyarteritis nodosa. The development of autoimmune conditions following Human Parvovirus B19 arises in people of all ages and occurs more frequently in females. Autoimmune disease development is also known to appear in adults exposed to children with fifth disease [read more]
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is an uncommon blood disease process wherein the bone marrow generates steadily elevated ?eosinophil' count over a prolonged period of time causing damage to the tissue or organ. The syndrome may affect any part of one's body, but mostly affects the heart, nervous system, and the skin. [read more]
Intestinal lipodystrophy, or Whipple's disease, is a rare bacterial infection that most often affects the gastrointestinal system. It interferes with normal digestion, impairing the breakdown of foods such as fats and carbohydrates and hampering the body's ability to absorb nutrients. [read more]
Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist was the first one to describe Kaposi's sarcoma, as a tumor caused by Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8). HHV8 is the eight human herpes virus. Kaposi's sarcoma is the cancer that usually comes about in many AIDS suffering patients. [read more]
Keloids are type of scars characterized by significant marks of skin elevation; it is an overgrowth of tissue on the exact location of the healed skin injury. Keloids usually occur after an injury or surgery. Keloids are usually firm, fibrous lesions. Keloids are non-contagious and non-malignant at the same time. Not like scars, keloids do not sink in size. Keloids often form on the back, chest, earlobes, and shoulder. The face is not primarily at a risk of developing keloids. [read more]
A skin condition affecting the soles of the feet and, less commonly, the palm of the hands is called pitted keratolysis, which is caused by a bacterial infection of the skin and may give off an unpleasant odor. [read more]
Keratosis Pilaris is a common skin condition that is limited to hair follicles. It is characterized by the development of uneven lumps in the skin. Its appearance resembles the skin of the chicken; precisely the reason why many refer to it as ?chicken skin.? Presence of these bumps are usually predominant on the back, upper arms (outer side), and other body surfaces (except the soles of feet and palms). It is always mistaken to be acne when present in the face. Keratosis Pilaris is not a serious medical condition and has no capacity to bring about serious health conditions. [read more]
Seborrheic Keratosis is a benign skin growth that can occur during puberty but are more common in older people starting at the age of 40. Seborrheic Keratosis is often illustrated as to having a ?pasted-on? appearance because growth only involves the top layer of the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis). It is also described as a thickening condition of the skin that increases with age.` [read more]
A scalp condition that occurs in severe cases of scalp ringworm (tinea capitis), appearing as an inflamed, thickened, pus-filled area, and it is sometimes accompanied by a fever is called kerion. Commonly seen in children, the underlying condition, scalp ringworm is a usually harmless fungal infection of the hair and scalp that occurs as scaly spots and patches of broken hair on the head. [read more]
Kluver-Bucy syndrome is a kind of disorder that develops when the right and left medial temporal lobes start to malfunction. People with this disease show lesions in the temporal lobes; they also exhibit socially inadequate licking or touching behaviors, bulimia, memory problems, hypersexuality and placidity, as well as the inability to recognize faces and objects. This disorder rarely develops in humans. [read more]
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a medical condition characterized with the increased production of Langerhans cell. Langerhans cell are abnormal cells originating from the bone marrow and have the capability to drift from the skin to the lymph nodes. Langerhans cell histiocytosis was formerly referred to as histiocytosis X. The Histiocyte society renamed the disease in 1985. [read more]
A type of color-containing (pigmented) lesion not caused by sun exposure, which looks like the freckle-like condition (lentigo) cause by sun exposure (solar lentigo) is called lentigo simplex. It can occur anywhere on the body, including areas that are not exposed to sunlight. Lentigo simplex can also occur as a single lesion even if multiple lentigos are associated with several inherited syndromes, where single lesions often develop on the lips or on the gums and may be caused by some forms of ultraviolet light therapy, therefore, the lesion may be seen as identical to those caused by exposure to sunlight. [read more]
Leprosy is a chronic contagious skin disease that attack the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the respiratory tract. It also develops skin lesions in various parts of the body. When left untreated, the disease may cause irreverisible damages to the eyes, nerves and skin. [read more]
The Letterer-Siwe disease is a rare condition where histiocytes spread all over the body. This disease commonlt affects children below two-years of age. [read more]
L?es Cong?nita, more popularly known as Syphilis, is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium called Treponema pallidum spirochete. Syphilis may not necessarily be contracted through sexual contact. Cases have been documented wherein the infection is passed from mother to offspring in the utero. [read more]
Systemic lupus erythematosus, simply called lupus, is an autoimmune disease that when untreated, can prove to be fatal. With lupus, as with autoimmune disorders in general, the patient's immune system attacks healthy cells and tissue, thus resulting in inflammation or damage of the tissues. Although it often targets the heart, joints, skin, blood vessels, lungs, liver, nervous system, and kidneys, lupus can actually affect any part of the human body. Lupus progresses unpredictably, with episodes of illness called flares that alternate with remission. [read more]
Lutz-Lewandowsky epidermodysplasia verruciformis, more commonly known simply as epidermodysplasia verruciformis, is a rare lifelong skin condition wherein scaly macules and papules abnormally form on the hands and feet. This disease initially develops in childhood and last throughout adulthood. [read more]
Lymphangiomas are a rare type of angioma or benign tumors that typically appear at birth or early in childhood. [read more]
Mast cell disease or mastocytosis is a group of rare disorders marked by the presence of too many mast cells in various organs and tissues such as the skin, spleen, liver, bone, and the gastrointestinal tract. [read more]
Mastocytosis is a disorder that results when too many mast cells, called mastocytes, and CD34+ mast cell precursors exist in the body. It has many types and may be experienced by children and adults. [read more]
Mastocytosis is a group of unusual disorder of both children and adults caused by the presence of too many mast cells (mastocytes) and CD34+ mast cell precursors in a person's body. [read more]
A non-cancerous (benign), dark spot found on the lips or inside the mouth is called oral melanotic macule. It also sometimes called a labial melanotic macule if found on the lip. [read more]
Miliaria rubra, also known as heat rash or prickly heat is a rash of small red bumps caused by blockage of the sweat glands. It may be due to excessive sweating, high fever or being over-bundled, where it is seen in commonly humid or hot tropical climates, and it can sometimes cause itching, discomfort and stinging or ?prickly?-type pain. [read more]
Milliaria most commonly known as heat rush or prickly heat, is a condition usually affecting children and even adults leaving in tropical climates where the weather is hot or humid. It occurs when the sweat ducts are blocked and the perspiration is stucked in the skin causing rashes and redness of the affected skin, it may also be in a form of small blisters that is often very itchy. [read more]
Mineral deficiency is characterized by the insufficiency of essential minerals that are vital in the functioning of the body's organ systems. Common types of mineral deficiency are inadequate levels of iodine, iron, and calcium. [read more]
Atypical moles (atypical nevi) or otherwise known as dysplastic moles (dysplastic nevi) are cause by collections of the color-producing (pigment-producing) cells of the skin (melanocytes) in which the cells grow in abnormal way. They may occur as new lesions or as a change in an existing mole and may be single or multiple. With the risk increasing with the number of atypical moles present, people with atypical moles may be at increased risk for developing skin cancer (melanoma). [read more]
A viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes, Molluscum contagiosum or MC has no animal reservoir and just like smallpox, only infects humans. MC has four different types namely MCV, MCV-1 to -4. The most prevalent is MCV-1, while MCV-2 commonly occurs among adults and is often sexually transmitted. The genitals, lower abdomen, buttocks and inner thighs are often affected in sexually transmitted MCV-2. The lips, mouth and eyelids may also be affected in rare cases. [read more]
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II, called Hunter syndrome, has a severe form, Type A, which is usually found in children aged 18-36 months. Also considered the classic form, affected children may survive into the second and third decades of life. [read more]
Multi-Infarct Dementia is a common type of dementia occurring in elderly people aged 65 years old and above. The term usually pertains to a group of syndromes resulting from vascular lesions in the brain. [read more]
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. It also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis, which onset, usually occurs in young adults and more common among women. The disease was first described in 1868 by Jean-Martin Charcot. [read more]
Mycosis Fungoides is also referred to as Alibert-Bazin Syndrome or granuloma fungoides. It is the most common presentation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma wherein the skin is the primary part of the body that is affected. As the disease progresses, it can also affect the internal organs and the blood. This condition was initially described in 1806 by a French dermatologist named, Jean-Louis-Marc Alibert. Mycosis fungoides caused several misconceptions because it stands for a fungal disease characterized by a mushroom-like presentation. It was named as such by Alibert based upon his description of the disease's severe case which appears similarly to a mushroom. However, it is far from a fungal disease or infection. It is actually a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [read more]
Mycosis Fungoides Lymphoma is classified as the most common presentation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In general, the skin is the primary part of the body that is affected. However, it can advance internally as the disease progresses. Initially described in 1806 by a French dermatologist named, Jean-Louis-Marc Alibert, mycosis fungoides lymphoma caused some misconceptions. It stands for a fungal disease characterized by a mushroom-like presentation. It was named as such by Alibert based upon his description of the disease's severe case which appears similarly to a mushroom. However, it is far from a fungal disease or infection. It is actually a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [read more]
Myoclonus is a medical symptom marked by a brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles, often caused by contractions of the muscle as a result of brief lapses in concentration. [read more]
Neonatal herpes is a rare but serious medical condition. It is usually the result of vertical transmission of the virus from mother-to-newborn child. There are also cases when the disease is acquired afterbirth from parent, caretaker or sibling. [read more]
Neonatal lupus (short for Neonatal lupus erythematosus) is a rare disease that results from the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies. [read more]
Neuroblastoma is a neuroendocrine tumor, originating from any neural crest element of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The sympathetic nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system. It is a nerve network responsible for carrying messages from the brain throughout the whole body. It is also the part of the brain responsible for fight-or-flight response and adrenaline or epinephrine production. Neuroblastoma commonly begins in one of the adrenal glands. [read more]
Nocardiosis is an infectious disease which affects the lungs or the whole body. Affectation of the lungs is termed as Pulmonary Nocardiosis while affectation of the entire body is referred to as Systemic Nocardiosis. Nocardiosis is caused primarily of an infection by bacterium of the genus Nocardia. The common forms are Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis. Men are more commonly affected particularly those whose immune systems are already compromised. Among patients afflicted with brain infection, rate of mortality goes beyond 80%. Among the other forms, mortality rate is at 50% even with therapy. [read more]
Nummular eczematous dermatitis, or nummular eczema, is a term used to describe an itchy rash that develops patches on the skin. The sores grow bigger as time goes by, and soon becomes a chronic condition. [read more]
Occipital neuralgia is a distinct form of headache marked by throbbing, piercing, or chronic pain occurring in the back of the head, upper neck, and behind the ears, usually on only one side of the head. [read more]
Oral thrush is a medical condition whereby there is an unusual accumulation of Candida Albicians in the lining of the mouth. It usually manifests as lesions in the tongue and in inner cheeks. [read more]
Orf is described as a viral disease that commonly infects sheep and goats. It can be easily acquired by humans through direct contact of infected animals or contaminated fomites. It was also reported that reindeers have caused similar cuts to humans. [read more]
Osteochondritis describes a special variety of joint diseases involving the abnormality in the cartilage and/or bone development. OCD typically affects the elbows, shoulders, or knees. This is normally brought about by joint degeneration due to wear and tear. [read more]
Keratoderma is actually a term that literally means a marked skin thickening. On the other hand, Palmoplantar refers to the skin located on the soles of the feet as well as the palms of the hands. More often than not, this medical condition can be a condition of an internal abnormality. [read more]
Panniculitis is characterized as the inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Generally, human fat is divided into a number of lobules by what is known as the connective tissue septae. The septae contains the blood that supplies the lobule. The arteriole is responsible for supplying the lobule while the venules drain the septae. Panniculitis is the disorder that disrupts the supply from the arteriole or the drainage of the septae. These septae contain the blood that supply the lobule. A feeder arteriole supplies the center of the lobule while venules drain the septae. Disorders which disrupt the arterial supply lead to a lobular panniculitis while venous disorders lead to a septal panniculitis. [read more]
Parapsoriasis is a term that refers to a group of disorders involving the skin. These are most of the time characterized as having similar characteristics to psoriasis which usualy is red, with scaly lesions. Neoplasms has also been found to also devleop from parapsoriasis just like in the case when it develops into a fatty tissue which is often cutaneous T-cell. Examples of this disorder includes Pityriasis lichenoides chronica and Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. [read more]
Parapsoriasis is a term that refers to a group of disorders involving the skin. These are most of the time characterized as having similar characteristics to psoriasis which usualy is red, with scaly lesions. Neoplasms has also been found to also devleop from parapsoriasis just like in the case when it develops into a fatty tissue which is often cutaneous T-cell. Examples of this disorder includes Pityriasis lichenoides chronica and Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. [read more]
Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by dietary lack of niacin (B3) and protein, especially proteins containing the essential amino acid tryptophan. Because tryptophan could be converted into niacin, foods with tryptophan but without niacin, such as milk, prevent pellagra. But, if dietary tryptophan is diverted into protein production, niacin deficiency may still result. [read more]
Pemphigus is a medical condition used to describe a vesiculobullous disease affecting the skin and the mucous membranes which then causes vesicles or blisters, raw sores, and bullae. An autoimmune disease which is caused when the body's immune system mistook its own tissues to be a foreign tissue and destroys it. Antibodies attacking his very own cells are autoantibodies. The target of the autoantibodies in the pemphigus condition is the desmoglein which is a form of protein. Desmoglein is the "glue" attaching some epidermal cells adjacent to each other by the desmosomes. [read more]
Pemphigus Foliaceus is the least severe form of the three varieties of Pemphigus. In this case, the antibodies attack Desmoglein 1 protein which is only found in the upper layer of the skin which is usually a dry layer of the skin. Unlike pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus is not as painfull and often times misdiagnosed to be dermatitis or sometimes eczema. [read more]
The pemphigus vulgaris is the most common form of Pemphigus disorder. Pemphigus vulgaris results when the antibodies attack the Desmoglein 3. It causes sores originating in the mouth and making eating difficult and also uncomfortable for the sufferer. Commonly, it occurs to people who are between the ages of 40 and 60 although it can also affect other people not belonging to that age group. In rare cases though, it is linked with myasthenia gravis. [read more]
Periarteritis nodosa is also popularly called Polyarteritis nodosa. This is condition of a vasculitis of the medium-sized arteries. The arteries become swollen and eventually damaged due to attacks by the rogue immune cells. Another term for this condition is Kussmaul disease or the broader term Kussmaul-Meier disease. [read more]
Peripheral vascular disease also known as peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a collator for all diseases caused by the obstruction of large peripheral arteries, which can result from atherosclerosis, inflammatory processes leading to stenosis, an embolism or thrombus formation. [read more]
Peutz-Jeghers is also popularly known as Hereditary Intestinal Polyposis Syndrome. This is an autosomal disease involving the dominant genes. It is occurs as a development of some hamartomatous polyps in our gastrointestinal tract. [read more]
Peyronie's disease is a disorder of the connective tissue because of the development of some fibrous plaques in the soft tissue found in the patient's penis. Other term for Peyronies Disease is penile induration. [read more]
Phaeohyphomycosis pertains to a group of mycotic (fungal) infection identified by the presence of dematiaceous (brown-pigmented) septate hyphae and, sometimes, yeast, or both in the tissue. The infection can be seen as superficial and deep, and often leads to subcutaneous cyst formations. [read more]
Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta (PLEVA) is an immune system disease characterized by skin rashes and small lesions. [read more]
The disease is called Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, also known as Hereditary Intestinal Polyposis Syndrome. It is an inherited condition in which hamartomatous polyps develop in the gastrointestinal tract. [read more]
Porencephaly is a disorder of the central nervous system due to a cyst or cavity in a cerebral hemisphere that may occur before or after birth. [read more]
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), is a disease characterized by having low levels of the enzyme used in producing heme, a molecule vital to all organs of the body. There are basically two types of PCT, the familial type and the sporadic type. The main difference between the two is that, as its name suggests, the familial type PCT is inherited. [read more]
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), familial type, is the type of PCT that is inheritted. It constitutes 20% of all cases of the disease. In general, PCT is a disease characterized by having low levels of the enzyme used in producing heme, a molecule vital to all organs of the body. [read more]
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), sporadic type, also known as Type I PCT, is characterized by a deficiency of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) which produces an enzyme that is essential to the production of heme, a molecule vital to all organs of the body. Clinic manifestations of PCT among individuals with TYPE I PCT are usually caused by risk factors such as alcohol abuse and Hepatitis C. [read more]
Priapism is considered to be a medical condition that is harmful due to the fact that an erect penis does not return to its normal size or form in a span of at least four hours. This condition is often painful though this condition is not accompanied by any sexual arousal. The condition is considered to be an emergency condition because it needs immediate medical attention. [read more]
Prickly heat is also known as heat rash or miliaria. It occurs when sweat sweat ducts are blocked and perspiration is trapped under the skin. [read more]
This medical condition is the failure to recognize a familiar face or to learn to be familiar with new faces. This is most commonly related with lesions that involve the junctional regions among occipital and temporal lobes. [read more]
Prurigo nodularis is a skin disease that consists of itchy nodules on the arms and legs. Patients often incur excoriated lesion because of scratching. [read more]
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare genetic disease that results to the fragmentation and calcification of the skin's fibers as well as the retina and the cardiovascular organs. In this disease, cutaneous lesions start to develop during childhood, but become more prominent during adulthood. [read more]
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative cutaneous disease first described in 1930. It can develop after a patient suffers injury to the skin. It has two variants: atypical PG, which occurs on the hands, and the classic PG, which affects the legs. [read more]
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome is a form of a chronic neurological condition commonly known as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is Type I of CRPS and does not demonstrate any distinct nerve lesions. (Conversely, Causalgia or type II CRPS presents with evident nerve damage.) [read more]
Simply put, renal tuberculosis is the kidney affected by tuberculosis. This is normally because of some haematogenous seeding from pulmonary diseases, although it is secondary to a tuberculous infection of the gastrointestinal tract or bone. By the time this condition is diagnosed, the primary laceration in the lungs might be calcified. [read more]
Ringworm, also called Tinea, pertains to a skin infection characterized by a reddish or brownish bumpy patch of skin that's usually lighter at the center, thus resembling a ring-like appearance. Ringworms can exist in any part of the body. [read more]
San Joaquin Valley fever is an alternative name for coccidiodomydiosis. This is a fungal infection that once became endemic in the areas of California, Arizona, Nevada, Texas and New Mexico. [read more]
Sarcoidosis, also known as Besnier-Boeck disease, pertains to a disorder of the immune system characterized by non-caseating garnulomas that mostly affects young adults. The term is from the Greek words ?sark? and ?oid?, meaning ?flesh-like?. [read more]
Schilder's Disease otherwise known as the Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis is a type of neurodegenerative disease tjhat manifest throough pseudotumoural demyelinating lesions and is considered as one of the borderline of multiple sclerosis. [read more]
Schistosomiasis pertains to a parasitic disorder caused by several species of fluke found mostly in Asia, South America, Africa, as well as in areas with water contaminated by parasite-carrying snails. Although it has a relatively low mortality rate, schistosomiasis is definitely a chronic, potentially debilitating disease that can lead to severe damage to the liver and intestines. Schistosomiasis is also called bilharzias, bilharziosis or snail fever. [read more]
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare congenital disorder that occurs in just about one in 50,000 births. This syndrome affects multiple organs in the body and symptoms may differ from one individual to another. People who have Shwachman-diamond syndrome are at a great risk of developing life-threatening complications such as severe infections, acute myelogenous leukemia and bone marrow failure in addition to exocrine pancreatic dysfunctions. [read more]
Skin cancer builds up in the epidermis so the tumor is usually evident which makes cancer detectable in early stage. There are types of skin cancer which are named after the kind of skin cell that is affected. Types: - Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) - Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) - Malignant Melanoma [read more]
Skin cancer is a type of cancer characterized by abnormal growth of skin cells commonly affecting areas of the skin that are exposed to sunlight, including the lips, face, scalp, neck, ears, chest, arms and hands, and on the legs in women. However, skin cancer may also occur in skin areas that are rarely exposed to the sun, such as the palms of hands, genital area, and spaces between toes. [read more]
Smallpox is a very serious and infectious disease that is brought about by the variola virus. The name was derived from the pus-filled blisters that form and appear during the duration of the illness. Smallpox is contagious; it spreads through tiny drops of saliva when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks usually during close face-to-face contact. [read more]
Sneddon syndrome is a rare inherited disease, which involves blood vessel disorders manifesting in changes in the skin and neurological symptoms. [read more]
Solar keratosis is skin condition in which an individual has rough and scaly patches on face, lips, ears, back of the hands, forearms, scalp, and neck. It is also referred to as actinic keratosis. [read more]
Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease affecting the skin but there are rare forms wherein the lungs, joints, bones and even the brain are affected. It is also referred to as rose-thorns or rose-gardener's disease because of the incidence that rose can spread the disease. SYMPTOMS Sporotrichosis progresses slowly and initial symptoms may present one to twelve weeks, usually at the average of three weeks after first fungal exposure. Symptoms may include the following ? Appearance of small painless skin bump, which may appear in the finger, hand or arm ? Boil-like lesions ? Firm skin nodules which can be ulcerative or suppurative ? Open sores ? Skin ulcerations located along lymph nodes [read more]
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is a serious life-threatening skin condition marked by inflammation and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. The syndrome is thought to be an allergic reaction in response to certain drugs and infectious diseases. [read more]
Stretch marks are also termed as striae. These are stripe-like marks on the skin which resulted from rapid gain and loss of weight. It forms when the skin was stretched. In some cases it can also be a result of several skin diseases. [read more]
Striae are also commonly termed as stretch marks. These are stripe-like marks on the skin which resulted from rapid gain and loss of weight. It forms when the skin was stretched. In some cases it can also be a result of several skin diseases. [read more]
Surfer's nodules are skin lesions that grow on the ankles, soles and dorsal areas of the foot. This is common ailment among surfers. Surfer's nodules are caused by trauma and skin injuries suffered by the foot. Inflammation also occurs when the nodules begin to develop. [read more]
Susac's syndrome (Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy) is a microangiopathy marked by encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions and hearing loss. [read more]
Sweeley-Klionsky disease (also known as Anderson-Fabry disease, Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, Ceramide trihexosidosis, and Fabry disease) is an X-linked recessive (inherited) lysosomal storage disease. [read more]
Sweet's syndrome is a skin disorder marked by fever and painful skin lesions. [read more]
Swimming pool granuloma is a bacterial infection caused by the microorganism named Mycobacterium marinum. [read more]
Syringomas are harmless adnexal tumors derived from the intraepidermal portion of eccrine sweat ducts. Generally, they present as soft, flesh-colored to slightly yellow dermal papules on the lower eyelids of healthy individuals. [read more]
Systemic mastocytosis, often called systemic mast cell disease (SMCD), is marked by mast cell infiltration of extracutaneous organs, which is in contrast to cutaneous mast cell disorders, which involve only the skin. [read more]
Cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a type of cancer of the immune system. [read more]
Telangiectasia are small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin; typically, they measure only a few millimeters. They can develop anywhere on the body but are frequently found on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin. [read more]
Tethered Spinal Cord is an uncommon neurological disorder. [read more]
Tethered spinal cord syndrome otherwise known as the Occult Spinal Dysraphism Sequence is a neurological disorder that is caused by tissue attachments causing preventing movement of spinal cord within the spinal column. [read more]
Throat cancer is a type of carcinoma affecting the pharynx (which connects the mouth and the nasal cavity), vocal cords, and/or the larynx or voice box. [read more]
The term thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) refers to a lesion of vessel wall thickening (mainly arterioles or capillaries), intraluminal platelet thrombosis, and partial or complete obstruction of the vessel lumina. Depending on whether renal or brain lesions prevail, two pathologically indistinguishable but somehow clinically different entities have been distinguished: the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and the thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Injury to the endothelial cell is the central and likely inciting factor in the sequence of events resulting to TMA. [read more]
Touraine-Solente-Gol? syndrome is marked by cutis verticis gyrata (corrugated overgrowth of the scalp, or so-called "bull-dog scalp" lesions) also involving the forehead, face, and extremities; clubbing of the digits due to soft tissue hyperplasia; elephantiasis of long bones, enormously large hands and feet; periosteal lesions, fatigability, blepharitis, arthralgia, periosteal overgrowth, and occasionally pulmonary osteoarthropathy. This syndrome occurs almost exclusively in males, though it is more severe in females. It occurs at the time of puberty, up to third decade, with the general health and mental status not affected. It is inherited dominantly with variability of expression. This condition is distinguished from the Brugsch syndrome by the presence of acromegaly. [read more]
TB or Disseminated tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection that has spread from the lungs to other organs of the body through the blood or the lymph system. [read more]
Tuberous sclerosis is also known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). It is a rare, multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. The disease also has a predilection to tumor and the names are named after a characteristic abnormal growth in the brain, which takes the shape of a tuber root. [read more]
Tularemia (deliberate release) is a serious infection caused by Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) bacterium, a tiny gram-negative non-motile coccobacillus. Deer-fly fever, Francis disease, rabbit fever, and Ohara fever are other names for Tularemia (deliberate release). [read more]
Tungiasis is a skin infestation of the Tunga penetrans flea. The flea is also known as chigoe flea, jigger, nigua, or sand flea and is found in the tropical parts of Africa, Caribean, Central and South America, and India. The disease is endemic in NIgera and Trinidad and Tobago where during the 1980s, tungiasis among children reached 40%. The disease is also rarely found outside said areas. [read more]
Tyrosinemia is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated blood levels of the amino acid tyrosine. Tyrosine is a building block of most proteins. There are three types of tyrosinemia namely Type I, Type II, and Type III. [read more]
Urethral Syndrome otherwise known as the Frequency-Dysuria syndrome is a medical condition that is characterized by frequency, dysuria and suprapubic discomfort without any finding of urological abnormalities. [read more]
Vagabond disease is a condition of pigmentation of the skin caused by long continued exposure, uncleanliness, and especially by scratch marks and other lesions due to the presence of body lice. [read more]
Vaginal cancer is a rare form of carcinoma that affects the vagina, or the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the outer genitals. Most cases of vaginal cancer occur in the birth canal. [read more]
Vagina cancer is considered to be a very rare form of cancer that affects the vagina, especially the cells that use to line the surface of the vagina or otherwise known as the birth canal. This cancer usually affects women with ages 60 and up and can spread to other parts of the body. [read more]
Variola is a virus that causes smallpox which can be highly contagious as often a deadly disease. Based in history, smallpox have been known to have such a profound effect in the human health and has caused about 300 million deaths all over the world. [read more]
A condition characterized by a reaction that results in the inflammation of the blood vessels, hypersensitivity vasculitis happens when immune complexes lodge in the vessel wall, attracting polymorphonuclear leukocytes that in turn release tissue-degrading substances leading to an inflammatory process. [read more]
Veruccas, also known as plantar warts, skin lesions that grow on the soles of the feet. These warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), but they are not harmful to the body's internal organs. [read more]
In developing countries Vitamin A deficiency is common and often seen in developed countries. This deficiency contributes to blindness because it can make the cornea very dry and destroying the retina and cornea. Pregnant women are at risk because there is a high possibility that they acquire this deficiency. [read more]
Vitiligo is a rare skin condition characterized by the loss by color pigmentation of the areas of skin resulting to an irregular white patching. It is associated with systematic diseases like the Pernicous anemia, hyperthyroidism and Addison's disease. [read more]
Von Recklinghausen Disease otherwise known as the Neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by pigmented skin lesions, skin tumors that develop along the peripheral nerves, multiple spiral and cranial nerve tumors and associated gliomas and intracranial meningiomas (Bruce Ostlertt, et al. (2003) Disease of the Eye and Ski n: A Color Atlas, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, p.95). [read more]
Wegener's granulomatosis is a form of the vasculitis disorder that primarily affects the lungs, kidneys and other organs. Because it mainly affect the organs, it requires a long term immune suppression (Seo P, Stone JH. The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides. Am J Med 2004;117:39-50). [read more]
Werner's Syndrome otherwise known as the Adult premature aging syndrome or the adult progeria, is a rare genetic disorder which can be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Its signs and symptoms of the disorder may only be manifest usually during the third and fourth decade of life. [read more]
Palpebrarum is a small plaque which is ofte yellowish in color that presents on the eyelids. Palpebrarum usually occurs in diabetes patients and to people having high cholesterol levels or lipid in their blood. The plaques usually contain high fat deposits. This condition is also called xanthelasma palpebrarum. [read more]
Xerophthalmia, a Greek term used to refer to Dry Eyes, is a condition whereby there is an unusal failure of the eye to produce tears. [read more]
Yusho disease, which literally means oil disease, is due to PCB poisoning. In 1968, a mass poisoning caused by PCBs occurred in northern Kyushu, Japan. A similar case that occurred in Taiwan was known as Yu-Cheng disease. [read more]
Zinc deficiency is a medical condition whereby there is a low intake of zinc which is an essential mineral in every cell. [read more]
Zunich-Kaye syndrome is also known as Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome. It is a unique congenital ichthyosis first described in 1983. It is also allude to as CHIME disorder. It is a hereditary syndrome with only a scarce cases studied and published. Zunich-Kaye syndrome has an autosomal retreating pattern of inheritance. [read more]